Support
On these pages you will find a range of materials designed to help you get the most from your Nidacon products.
Video tutorials
PureSperm Gradient
Before/After Density Gradient
Nidacon Products Presentation
Freezing Sperm
VitalStain
Tips & Tricks
Log in to this section to get the best advice on how to get the most from you Nidacon products and systems. New content regularly.
Visit the new Web site from Nidacon
We have had our old web page for many years now. It has been of great help for both us and our customers, but we realised the time had come for an update. The new Nidacon web site is based on more modern techniques and is more structured. The design has the ambition...
Optimize your sperm preparation by using the right combination of gradient solutions
The requirements for performing IUI and IVF when it comes to yield, and percentage of motile sperm can differ. Optimize the results by using a 40/80 gradient when a maximum yield is wanted for IUI and 40/90 for the highest percentage of motile sperm for IVF or ICSI....
Minimizing osmotic changes in the ejaculate
The outcome of a sperm preparation can be affected by an increased osmolality in the ejaculate. A simple way to minimize the increase of osmolality is by early dilution of the ejaculate. PureSpermBuffer is the perfect buffer to be used for this purpose. Reference:...
Correct opening of bottles featuring flip-off tear-off seals
We know that opening PureSperm bottles can be tricky if not performed the correct way the first time around. Therefore, we thought it would be helpful to provide a short visual of what happens when the seal is pulled on an angle compared to the proper method of...
This month we would like you to help us with the tips & tricks
We want as a company to be able to do more for achieving a sustainable future. We are doing a lot today but can of course improve. Can you help us? Any ideas on small matters like reusing a PS100 bottle as a vase or larger matters like packaging, transport etc? Kind...
Will transport temperature affect the performance of Nidacon products?
Since Nidacon products are not transported in a cold chain, tests have been made to verify the performance after being either frozen or exposed to 50˚C for a period of 5 days. All tested products were stable and performed as required, passing the same quality...
Sperm preparation according to WHO
In 2021 WHO released the new 6th edition of the WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. Many updates have been made that all aim to improve the semen analysis and processing of semen in the laboratory. It is so important for the...
Do not overload your gradient!
Overloading a gradient can cause aggregation of spermatozoa and other components, so called rafting, and this might decrease the yield after preparation. Find films on our website showing the different layers after a centrifugation...
New standard for basic semen examination
ISO 23162 – new standard for basic semen examination – specification and test methods is now available.! A new international standard for sperm analysis was needed to ensure that the methods are standardized and that they give reliable results. It will be of great...
Using ProInsert for viscous samples
With a viscous sample, it can take quite some time for the sample to pass through the hole in the insert. There is however no need to wait for it to pass, since the centrifugation itself will force it through. The final result will be the same as if all of the sample...
Embryology Survey
Do you want to be a part of a chance to voice concerns, limitations, opportunities, aspirations of embryologists and regional trends that could provide unique insights into clinical embryology practice? If yes, take part of the survey that has been set up by with...
New Cryofloater
New colour and material but the same function. It has the height above the liquid nitrogen that will guarantee optimal freezing temperature and the best possible result. Cryofloater is now a product of its own and included in our pricelist but free of charge when...
Manuals
Technical Product Manual
FAQ
PureSperm 100
What medium should I use for diluting PureSperm 100?
PureSperm Buffer is the best media to use when diluting PureSperm100. It has been optimised and ionically balanced to best match PureSperm.
Is there any human serum albumin in PureSperm 100?
Our lab research has shown that the yield of motile sperm recovered from the gradient was approximately the same, regardless of whether the gradient layers contained human serum albumin or not. Therefore, we have not deemed it necessary to include any protein in PureSperm 100. The colloid in these products eliminates aggregation of sperm and reduces their sticking to the centrifuge tube. However, human serum albumin must be added to the “wash” solution, as provided in PureSperm Wash.
Are antibiotics included in PureSperm 100?
No, PureSperm 100 does not contain antibiotics. They are not included for the following reasons:
- The gradient will remove most, if not all, of the bacterial contamination present in the ejaculate, provided that the retrieval of the sperm pellet is carried out according to the instructions given in the package insert.
- Antibiotics commonly used in cell culture media are toxic to sperm.
What should be used for washing the sperm pellet after the PureSperm 100 gradient centrifugation?
We recommend PureSperm Wash for washing the sperm pellet after gradient centrifugation. The ionic balance of PureSperm Wash lies between that of the gradient and commonly used fertilisation media and will not therefore cause premature hyperactivation of the sperm. PureSperm Wash is also ready-to-use and contains an appropriate level of human serum albumin.
Why do I need to buy a separate product, such as PureSperm Buffer, to dilute PureSperm 100? Could I use PureSperm Wash instead?
You can use PureSperm Wash to dilute PureSperm. However, a comparison in our laboratories has shown that you will obtain a better motile sperm yield by using PureSperm Buffer which has been optimised for this purpose.
Does one need to incubate PS100 and PS40/80 in 5-6% CO², 37°C before use?
The most important thing is to avoid temperature fluctuation in the sperm sample. Ejaculate has a temperature of approximately room temperature or slightly higher. We therefore recommend equilibrating PureSperm to room temperature, no more. The preparation is also processed at room temperature, so this means that an equivalent temperature is maintained.
PureSperm 40/80/90
hat diluent has been added to PureSperm100 to produce PureSperm 40, 80 and 90?
– PureSperm 40, 80 and 90 are optimised products in their own right; they are not diluted PureSperm100. However, the colloid, salts and buffering capacity of these products have been optimised to provide the ideal 40% , 80% and 90% gradient layers.
Is there any human serum albumin in PureSperm 40, 80 and 90?
– Research in our laboratory showed that the yield of motile sperm recovered from the gradient was approximately the same, regardless of whether or not the gradient layers contained human serum albumin. Therefore, we have not included any protein in PureSperm 40, 80 and 90. The colloid in these products eliminates aggregation of sperm and reduces their sticking to the centrifuge tube. However, human serum albumin must be added to the “wash” solution, as provided in PureSperm®Wash.
Are antibiotics included in PureSperm 40, 80 and 90?
– No, PureSperm 40, 80 and 90 do not contain antibiotics, for the following reasons:
-
- The gradient will remove most, if not all, of the bacterial contamination present in the ejaculate, provided that the retrieval of the sperm pellet is carried out according to the instructions given in the package insert.
- Antibiotics commonly used in cell culture media can be toxic to sperm.
What is the buffer component of PureSperm 40, 80 and 90?
– PureSperm 40, 80 and 90 contain Hepes buffer to avoid fluctuations in pH which might be harmful to sperm.
What should be used for washing the sperm pellet after the PureSperm 40, 80 and 90 gradient centrifugations?
We recommend PureSperm Wash for washing the sperm pellet after gradient centrifugation. The ionic balance of PureSperm Wash lies between that of the gradient and commonly used fertilisation media and, therefore, will not cause premature hyperactivation of the sperm. PureSperm Wash is also ready-to-use and contains an appropriate level of human serum albumin.
What should be used for washing the sperm pellet after the PureSperm 40 and PureSperm 80 gradient centrifugation?
We recommend PureSperm Washfor washing the sperm pellet after gradient centrifugation. The ionic balance of PureSperm Wash lies between that of the gradient and commonly used fertilisation media and, therefore, will not cause premature hyperactivation of the sperm. PureSperm Wash is also ready-to-use and contains an appropriate level of human serum albumin.
Do we need to incubate PS100 and PS40/80 in 6% CO², 37°C before use?
The most important to avoid is temperature fluctuations for the sperm. The ejaculate is approximately around room temperature or slightly higher. Therefore we recommend equilibrating PureSperm to room temperature, not more. The preparation is also done at room temperature and therefore the temperature is still maintained.
PureSperm Buffer
How do I use PureSperm Buffer?
PureSperm Buffer is used to dilute PureSperm 100 to obtain the layers of different densities required for a discontinuous density gradient. PureSperm Buffer has been carefully formulated to give optimal results when used according to the manufacturer´s instructions. It is ready-to-use, no additives being required.
Why do I need to use PureSperm Buffer to dilute PureSperm 100?
A comparative analysis has shown that you will obtain a better yield of motile sperm by using PureSperm Buffer for diluting PureSperm than by using non-optimised products. Commercially available culture media, washing media, or salt solutions such as Earle’s ´Balanced Salt Solution have not been optimised for this purpose and also require other ingredients need to be added before use, thus increasing the cost.
Why do I need to buy a separate product, such as PureSperm Buffer to dilute PureSperm 100? Could I use PureSperm Wash instead?
Yes, you can use PureSperm Wash to dilute PureSperm 100. However, a comparison in our laboratories has shown that you will obtain a better yield of motile sperm from using PureSperm Buffer which has been optimised for this purpose.
Should I equilibrate PureSperm Buffer before use?
If a bottle of PureSperm Buffer has been previously opened and then stored in the refrigerator, it should be brought up to room temperature before use to avoid cold-shocking the sperm. It is not necessary to equilibrate PureSperm Buffer in the CO² incubator before use.
Are there any antibiotics in PureSperm Buffer ?
No, PureSperm Buffer does not contain antibiotics. Many commonly used antibiotics are toxic to sperm. Furthermore, antibiotics such as penicillin, have a very short half-life in solution. When used according to the manufacturer´s instructions, the PureSperm density gradient will enable an uncontaminated sperm preparation to be obtained from the semen sample.
PureSpermBuffer can be used to dilute viscous samples. The outcome of a sperm preparation can be affected by an increased osmolality in the ejaculate. A simple way to minimize the increase of osmolality is by early dilution of the ejaculate. PureSpermBuffer is the perfect buffer to be used for this purpose. Why is PSB good to use?
The prostate secretion contains large amounts of proteolytic enzymes (PSA) while the seminal vesicle secretion contains large amounts of proteins (semenogelin), peptides and prostaglandins which causes the gel formation at ejaculation when the secretions are mixed. After that the proteolytic enzymes start breaking down the large proteins and the gel will liquify. When you add a buffered salt solution you basically extend the solution and increase the space between the large proteins (semenogelin)and the complexes that they make-up break apart and the gel becomes liquified faster
Reference: Holmes, Björndahl, L., and Kvist, U. (2019). Possible factors influencing post‐ejaculatory changes of the osmolality of human semen in vitro. Andrologia, 51(11), e13443–n/a. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.13443
You simply add PureSpermBuffer to the ejaculate (dilution 1+3), 1 part PureSpermBuffer and 3 parts sample (e.g. 0.5 ml PureSperm Buffer + 1.5 ml semen sample).
Incubate for 15-30 minutes at 37°C, mix using a pipette, and the sample is ready for preparation (preferably using a density gradient).
PureSperm Wash
When should PureSperm Wash be used?
We recommend PureSperm Wash for washing the sperm pellet after centrifugation using a PureSperm density gradient. The ionic balance of PureSperm Wash lies between that of the gradient and commonly used fertilisation media and, therefore, will not cause premature hyperactivation of the sperm. PureSperm Wash is also ready-to-use and contains an appropriate level of human serum albumin.
What are the constituents of PureSperm Wash?
PureSperm Wash is an isotonic (290-300 mOsm/kg H2O), HEPES-buffered salt solution containing glucose, EDTA, and human serum albumin.
Is there any protein in PureSperm Wash?
Yes. Research in our laboratory showed that human serum albumin must be added to the PureSperm Wash to prevent sperm sticking to plastic-ware and microscope slides.
Are antibiotics included in PureSperm Wash?
No, PureSperm Wash does not contain antibiotics. First of all, antibiotics commonly used in cell culture media are toxic to sperm and the gradient will remove most, if not all, of the bacterial contamination present in the ejaculate, provided that the retrieval of the sperm pellet is carried out according to the instructions given in the package insert.
Should PureSperm Wash be refrigerated?
PureSperm Wash is supplied as a sterile solution which does not need refrigerated storage in the unopened bottle. After opening (under sterile conditions), however, PureSperm Wash should be kept at 2-8°C.
Do I need to add protein or other additives to PureSperm Wash?
No, PureSperm Wash is a complete, ready-to-use product. It contains human serum albumin as an excipient, and this albumin is carefully selected for safety. For further information on safety, please see product insert. The only additive that we recommend is penicillin when performing a swim-up.
Should I equilibrate PureSperm Wash in the CO2 incubator before use?
No, it’s not necessary to equilibrate PureSperm Wash in the CO2 incubator before use. However, if the bottle has been opened previously and then stored in the refrigerator, the PureSperm Wash should be brought to room temperature before use to avoid cold shocking the sperm.
If there are no antibiotics or preservatives present, how can PureSperm Wash have a shelf life of one year?
PureSperm Wash has been formulated with a stable mixture of salts and human serum albumin. The product is filled aseptically, and each batch undergoes stringent quality assurance tests for sterility and low endotoxin levels. The product has been rigorously tested to ensure its good performance is retained throughout the shelf life.
How can a washing solution optimize the sperm preparation results?
When comparing PureSperm Wash (PSW) to other washing buffers, it has been shown that PSW
• maintains the correct ROS production better (1)
• achieves the highest percentage of capacitated sperm (1).
• produces higher sperm counts (2)
This suggests that PSW may be better at maintaining and supporting the sperm.
References:
1. Effects of various commercial buffers on sperm viability and capacitation
Andrisani et al, Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine 2014
2.Effects of lubricants and wash solutions on semen evaluation in a fertility clinics laboratory
Abadie et al, Lab medicine spring 2014
PureSperm SpeediKit
What tools do I need to perform the sperm preparation using Speedikit?
You only need a centrifuge and some sterile pipettes. PureSperm Speedikit includes the prefilled tubes for both separation and washing of the sample.
Do I need an incubator for performing a sperm preparation with Speedikit?
No, the whole procedure is performed at room temperature.
ProInsert
I have a very viscous sample; will it go through the ProInsert?
It will, but you can improve the outcome by treating your viscous sample with PureSperm Buffer before use. Dilute your sample with PureSperm Buffer 1+3 incubate in 37°C for 15-30 minutes, mix and it’s ready for the density gradient preparation. You can find more information on our website.
Can I start the centrifugation even if it takes a long time for the samples to get into the tube and even more longer for viscous samples to get through the insert?
– Centrifugation can be started before all the sample has gone through the hole.
SpermCatch
Can one use the same protocol for SpermCatch as we have for PVP products?
Yes, you can use SpermCatch in the same way as products containing PVP.
What’s the difference between SpermCatch and PVP?
SpermCatch does not contain any plastic, it’s made of hyaluronic acid which is a natural component.
How do I best prepare my ICSI dishes using SpermCatch?
Dishes must be prepared quickly to avoid osmolarity changes in the media. Only make two at a time. It is convenient to have two dishes per patient.
NidOil
Why is NidOil packed in amber bottles?
There have been several reports of other commercially available paraffin oils becoming embryo–toxic after exposure to light on the laboratory bench. Therefore, NidOil is packed in amber bottles as a precaution against light-induced changes to the product.
Should I equilibrate NidOil in the CO² incubator before use?
Yes, NidOil should be equilibrated in the same way as the culture medium before use to avoid differences in temperature and gaseous content between the components of the culture system.
Sperm CryoProtec
What survival rates should we expect after freezing/thawing?
The number of sperm cells surviving a freezing procedure can vary significantly between samples. Analyses on freezing/thawing donor samples however has shown average survival rates of between 65-70%. (“Survival” has been defined as the number of motile sperm cells after thawing compared to the number of motile sperm cells before freezing.)
Can I use Sperm CryoProtec for TESE?
Yes, you can. There is no need to add anything; it’s as simple and easy as using Sperm CryoProtec with ejaculated sperm.
Do I need to add egg-yolk to Sperm CryoProtec before use?
No, you don’t. Sperm CryoProtec is a ready-to-use freezing medium which doesn’t require any additives. Just follow the instructions and your sperm will be able to be safely frozen and thawed.
Does Sperm CryoProtec contain antibiotics?
No, none of our products contains any antibiotics. Adding antibiotics would significantly reduce the shelf life of our products and could “mask” post-sterilisation contamination of the product
How do I get the optimal freezing temperature?
-Optimal freezing temperature can be obtained by using CryoFloater. The cryofloater provides a stable raft with the correct and constant height above the nitrogen surface, thereby guaranteeing optimal freezing temperature and the best possible result.
Free of charge when you order our cryoprotectant, Sperm CryoProtec
What is the optimal thawing temperature?
We recommend thawing the straw or vial of frozen sperm in water heated to 37°C, as this method yields better results than thawing at room temperature. Instead of using a traditional water bath, you can preheat a 50 ml tube of water in the incubator to 37°C. This approach is simpler and more convenient, as it eliminates the need to constantly monitor and maintain the temperature of a water bath
How do I best perform the incubation before freezing?
-Place the straws on a cold steel tray when equilibrating in the refrigerator prior to cryopreservation. This way the straws will remain cold until they are placed in the nitrogen vapour on the cryofloater. Use forceps when moving the straws.
The time range for incubation is 10-60 minutes. Any difference between 10 and 60 minutes? The survival results, when incubating for 60 minutes compared to 10, shows a slight increase when incubated for 60 minutes. The major difference however is, between not incubating and incubating for 10 minutes.
What is the optimal time on the CryoFloater in LN2?
-The recommended time is 10-30 minutes. Measuring the temperature on the floater, it goes down quite fast, and 10 minutes is more than enough but, in order to make it more flexible, we recommend the range of 10-30. No difference in result with regards to survival rate has been found in our tests between 10 and 30 minutes but it will give you the chance to take the coffee you so desperately need!
Sperm VitalStain
How many cells do I need to count?
We recommend that you count 200 sperm to get an accurate classification. The 100x objective with immersion oil will give you a very clear picture of the stained versus unstained sperm cells.
If the sperm is only coloured at the neck is classifies as dead or alive?
It’s classified as alive.
VitriBlast
Can Blastocysts cultured in any culture media be vitrified with your kits?
VitriBlast /ThermoBlast kit can be used to freeze blastocysts that have been cultured in any culture media.
What device should I use with the VitriBlast kit?
Any device can be used but our general recommendation is to use a closed-system.
Is DMSO more harmful than other cryoprotectants?
No. In general, DMSO is actually one of the least harmful organic solvents. It has a very low toxicity and is not genotoxic, nor mutagenic or carcinogenic.
DMSO is an FDA approved drug used to treat interstitial cystitis, but has been (and is still) widely used to treat various diseases including arthritis, local pains, inflammation, infections (herpes), autoimmune diseases, and gastric ulcer.
In embryology, DMSO was reported to protect membranes better than other cryoprotectants. It is less toxic than propylene glycol and is the standard component of the world’s most successful vitrification mixtures (both human and zoological).
How do I store DMSO?
-DMSO is solid below +18°C and needs to be above this temperature to reach liquid form. If there is a shortage of time, it can be warmed in the hand or warmed in the incubator.
Do I need to mix the solutions each time before use?
-The EG and DMSO can be pre-mixed in the bottles (VB 2 and VB 3) and stored in the refrigerator for up to two weeks. However, it is important to know that the volumes in the VB 2 and 3 are not EXACTLY 10 mL, there is always a little surplus. Therefore, the volumes in the VB 2 and 3, must be measured and the surplus discarded prior to adding the EG and DMSO in order to achieve the correct concentrations.
Why should I collapse the blastocyst before vitrification?
-Collapsing the blastocyst will improve the results. If laser is used, shoot as far from inner cell mass
(ICM) as possible and ensure both the zona and the trophectoderm are breached.
If an ICSI-pipette or other sharp instrument is used, puncture right through the trophoblast cell layer into the blastocoele and be sure to puncture as far as possible from the ICM.
The pipette should be inserted at the one o’clock position and exit through the blastocyst at the 11 o’clock position. Collapsing is optional when vitrifying early blastocysts with smaller blastocoele cavities.
ThermoBlast
Can Blastocysts cultured in any culture media be vitrified with your kits?
VitriBlast /ThermoBlast kit can be used to freeze blastocysts that have been cultured in any culture media.
What device should I use with the VitriBlast kit?
Any device can be used but our general recommendation is to use a closed-system.
Is DMSO more harmful than other cryoprotectants?
No. In general, DMSO is actually one of the least harmful organic solvents. It has a very low toxicity and is not genotoxic, nor mutagenic or carcinogenic.
DMSO is an FDA approved drug used to treat interstitial cystitis, but has been (and is still) widely used to treat various diseases including arthritis, local pains, inflammation, infections (herpes), autoimmune diseases, and gastric ulcer.
In embryology, DMSO was reported to protect membranes better than other cryoprotectants. It is less toxic than propylene glycol and is the standard component of the world’s most successful vitrification mixtures (both human and zoological).
How do I store DMSO?
-DMSO is solid below +18°C and needs to be above this temperature to reach liquid form. If there is a shortage of time, it can be warmed in the hand or warmed in the incubator.
Do I need to mix the solutions each time before use?
-The EG and DMSO can be pre-mixed in the bottles (VB 2 and VB 3) and stored in the refrigerator for up to two weeks. However, it is important to know that the volumes in the VB 2 and 3 are not EXACTLY 10 mL, there is always a little surplus. Therefore, the volumes in the VB 2 and 3, must be measured and the surplus discarded prior to adding the EG and DMSO in order to achieve the correct concentrations.
Why should I collapse the blastocyst before vitrification?
-Collapsing the blastocyst will improve the results. If laser is used, shoot as far from inner cell mass
(ICM) as possible and ensure both the zona and the trophectoderm are breached.
If an ICSI-pipette or other sharp instrument is used, puncture right through the trophoblast cell layer into the blastocoele and be sure to puncture as far as possible from the ICM.
The pipette should be inserted at the one o’clock position and exit through the blastocyst at the 11 o’clock position. Collapsing is optional when vitrifying early blastocysts with smaller blastocoele cavities.
Endometrial Microbiome Test (EMT)
What is Endometrial Microbiome?
The endometrial microbiome is a community of microorganisms, primarily bacteria, that reside within the uterus. Similar to the vaginal microbiome, Lactobacillus species typically dominate the endometrial microbiome. Lactobacillus produces lactic acid, creating an acidic environment that inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria. This acidic environment helps to maintain a healthy balance of microorganisms within the uterus. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance of the endometrial microbiome, can lead to increased maternal immune activation, making it more difficult to suppress immune responses against the developing embryo and potentially compromising pregnancy outcomes.
Who should test for EMT?
Women experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss, implantation failure, unexplained infertility, or those undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART) may benefit from an EMT. Additionally, women with a history of chronic endometritis could consider testing to assess the health of their endometrial microbiome.
Given that the microbial environment significantly influences the implantation process, EMT testing can also be beneficial for women undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI) to potentially increase success rates.
Why is it better to take the test from the endometrium (endometrial luminal fluid) instead of the vagina?
Recent studies have shown that vaginal and endometrial microbiomes share many similarities, but approximately 20% of patients exhibit distinct bacterial profiles. Sampling directly from the endometrial cavity provides a more accurate representation of the microbial community within the uterus. This specificity is crucial for making appropriate treatment choices.
How can a contamination from the vaginal microbiome be avoided?
To minimize vaginal contamination during endometrial sampling, healthcare providers typically use specialized pipettes designed to collect fluid directly from the endometrial cavity.
Before collection, the vagina and cervical canal should be washed with sterile cotton balls and dried.
There is a possibility of bacteria adhering to the surface of the collection pipette from the cervix. When transferring the sample into the collection tube using the pipette, ensure that the pipette’s surface does not come into contact with the tube, allowing only the collected specimen to be transferred.
Why is an EMT test needed? Can we not, treat directly with antibiotics and Lactobacillus instead without testing?
Antibiotics and probiotics are commonly used to treat endometrial imbalances.
The EMT can identify the specific microorganisms present and their relative abundance and, depending on the test results, suggest examples of appropriate treatment options in combination with antibiotics and supplements.
It goes without saying that it is nonsense to administer antibiotics when the microbiota is normal, and even in dysbiosis it is important to select and treat with the correct antibiotic depending on the species of bacteria detected.
In addition, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics without testing can upset the delicate balance of the microbiome and lead to antibiotic resistance. Additionally, many cases do not improve with treatments based on supplements alone.
Selecting the appropriate antimicrobials according to test results and combining the treatment strategy with supplements is critical in terms of improving implantation rates.
Why is the Varinos test method preferable compared to others?
The Varinos test method offers several advantages over traditional methods, making it a preferred choice for microbial analysis. Here are the key reasons:
- High Sensitivity
- Lower Detection Limit: Varinos tests exhibit exceptionally high sensitivity, meaning they can detect even minute quantities of bacteria that may go undetected by other methods. This increased sensitivity is crucial for identifying low-abundance microorganisms that could be significant in various biological processes.
- Species-Level Identification
- Beyond Genus: Unlike traditional 16S rRNA sequencing, which primarily identifies bacteria at the genus level, Varinos technology allows for species-level identification. This granular level of detail provides more accurate and informative insights into microbial communities.
- Comprehensive and Cost-Effective: Varinos’ proprietary technology enables comprehensive species-level identification at a lower cost compared to other methods, making it a more accessible and cost-effective option for researchers and clinicians.
- Validated by Extensive Research
- Peer-Reviewed Publications: The effectiveness and reliability of the Varinos test method have been extensively validated through numerous peer-reviewed publications. This body of research provides strong evidence supporting the accuracy and precision of the technology.
To get the correct RPM
To achieve the correct g force:
RPM = √[g/(r × 1.118)] × 1 × 103
r = rotational radius, the distance (mm) from the centre of the rotor to the bottom of a centrifuge tube in the bucket when raised to horizontal position.
Put in your numbers and you will receive the desired RPM.